Mr. Joseph Moore:

For the current framework programme, Horizon Europe, Ireland's position was that there should be a civilian programme. That position was maintained in the final regulation. We have had success in articulating the civilian nature of the research and innovation programme in the past. Based on the consultation we are carrying out with stakeholders, our position is likely to be that we would favour a civilian nature to the next framework programme. That is the position we would articulate. It is important to note that people apply for funding for research and innovation; nobody is obliged to seek funding under the programme. The awards are made on a competitive basis.